Trial Review

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Trial registered on ANZCTR


Registration number
ACTRN12623000626662
Ethics application status
Approved
Date submitted
26/05/2023
Date registered
7/06/2023
Date last updated
1/06/2024
Date data sharing statement initially provided
7/06/2023
Date results information initially provided
1/06/2024
Type of registration
Prospectively registered

Titles & IDs
Public title
Long-term impact of the ‘Daughters and Dads Active and Empowered’ (formerly known as DADEE) program on family well-being: A mixed-methods observational study
Scientific title
Long-term impact of the ‘Daughters and Dads Active and Empowered’ (formerly known as DADEE) program on family well-being: A mixed-methods observational study
Secondary ID [1] 309620 0
N/A
Universal Trial Number (UTN)
Trial acronym
DADAE (Daughters And Dads Active and Empowered) and DADEE (Daughters And Dads Exercising and Empowered)
Linked study record
This observational study is a follow-up of participants from previously registered studies, including: ACTRN12615000022561 (2015), ACTRN12616001270404 (2016), ACTRN12617001450303 (2017-2019) and ACTRN12621000264886 (2020).

Health condition
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied:
Physical Inactivity 329937 0
Condition category
Condition code
Public Health 326844 326844 0 0
Health promotion/education

Intervention/exposure
Study type
Observational
Patient registry
False
Target follow-up duration
Target follow-up type
Description of intervention(s) / exposure
Fathers/father-figures that participated in any of the DADEE/DADAE programs between 2015-2020 will be invited to participate in this follow-up study (ACTRN12615000022561, ACTRN12616001270404, ACTRN12617001450303 and ACTRN12621000264886).

This follow-up study will involve:
• Part 1: Online survey. Past participants (fathers/ father-figures only) will be invited to complete a one-off survey via a link in an email. Much of this survey was developed specifically for this study relating to their perceptions of the long-term impact of the program on themselves, their daughter and their family. Their daughters’ past and current participation in sport and physical activity, and some demographic information. The planned survey has been specifically developed for this study and is expected to take 5-10 minutes for participants to complete.

• Part 2: One-on-one semi-structured interviews. A sub-sample of participants who consent to be interviewed will be randomly selected based on two factors, 1) current age of daughter and 2) year they first participated in the program. It is expected that the themes arising from semi-structured interviews will have reached saturation point after approximately 20 interviews. Participants who are selected to complete this interview will be asked to attend via ZOOM (online) with a member of the research team (one-on-one). It is anticipated that the interviews will take approximately 30-60 minutes. Semi-structured questions have been developed specifically for this study to use as a guide for the interviews. Participants will be informed that this interview will be audio-recorded for transcription and analysis purposes.

If a father has participated in more than one program and/or with more than one daughter concurrently, he will be asked to consider when answering questions, the first program he participated in and the eldest daughter he participated with during that program.
Intervention code [1] 326043 0
Not applicable
Comparator / control treatment
No control group
Control group
Uncontrolled

Outcomes
Primary outcome [1] 334691 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the father, daughter, and family more broadly [qualitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their family health broadly since completion of the program. This will be measured by a qualitative assessment specifically designed for this study, using an audio-recorded, one-on-one semi-structured interview with a member of the research team and only in a subgroup of participants (approximately 15-20).
Timepoint [1] 334691 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [1] 421697 0
Daughters moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (single item) [quantitative] – Fathers report on days per week meeting physical activity recommendations measured with a single item from the Australian Bureau of Statistics 'Australian Health Survey'.
Timepoint [1] 421697 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [2] 421698 0
Daughters’ current participation in organised sports and physical activities [quantitative] - Fathers report on organised sports and/or physical activities their daughter participated in during the last 12 months. Fathers select as many organised sports and/or physical activities that apply from a list of 19 of the most popular organised sports and physical activities for girls aged 12-14 and 15+ from the 2021-22 AusPlay survey. An ‘other’ option is also provided. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study.
Timepoint [2] 421698 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [3] 421699 0
Highest level of daughters’ sports/physical activity participation [quantitative] - Fathers report on the highest level their daughter currently participates in the organised sports and/activities they are known to have participated in during the last 12 months.. The five levels include 1) home/local park/social with friends and family, 2) school-based, 3) community club member, 4) regional/state representative competition or 5) national/international representative competition. This will be a quantitative assessment, measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study.
Timepoint [3] 421699 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [4] 421700 0
Change in daughters’ participation in organised sports and physical activities [quantitative] – Fathers report on any continued, new or discontinued (drop-out) participation in organised sports/activities since participating in the Daughters and Dads program. Fathers select as many organised sports and/or physical activities that apply from a list of 19 of the most popular organised sports and physical activities for girls aged 12-14 and 15+ from the 2021-22 AusPlay survey. An ‘other’ option is also provided. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study.
Timepoint [4] 421700 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [5] 421701 0
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on daughters’ participation in organised sports and physical activities [quantitative] – Fathers report on any impact COVID-19 had on their daughter’s participation in organised sports and/or physical activities. This will be a quantitative assessment, measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study.
Timepoint [5] 421701 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [6] 421702 0
Father-daughter co-physical activity [quantitative] - Adapted item from the validated Youth Media Campaign Longitudinal Survey. Fathers report on days per week they were physically active with their child one-on-one and with one or more family member in the past 7 days.
Timepoint [6] 421702 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [7] 421703 0
Immediate impact of the program on the father, daughter and family more broadly [qualitative] - Fathers report on the immediate impact of the program on their family health broadly since completion of the program. This will be measured by a qualitative assessment specifically designed for this study, using an audio-recorded, one-on-one semi-structured interview with a member of the research team and only in a subgroup of participants (approximately 15-20).
Timepoint [7] 421703 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [8] 421705 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the social-emotional wellbeing of daughters [qualitative]- Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their daughters social-emotional wellbeing. This will be measured by a qualitative assessment specifically designed for this study, using an audio-recorded, one-on-one semi-structured interview with a member of the research team and only in a subgroup of participants (approximately 15-20).
Timepoint [8] 421705 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [9] 421706 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the physical activity of daughters [qualitative]- Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their daughter’s physical activity. This will be measured by a qualitative assessment specifically designed for this study, using an audio-recorded, one-on-one semi-structured interview with a member of the research team and only in a subgroup of participants (approximately 15-20).
Timepoint [9] 421706 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [10] 421707 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the daughter’s awareness of gender inequity [qualitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their daughter’s awareness of gender inequity. This will be measured by a qualitative assessment specifically designed for this study, using an audio-recorded, one-on-one semi-structured interview with a member of the research team and only in a subgroup of participants (approximately 15-20).
Timepoint [10] 421707 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [11] 421708 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the co-physical activity engagement of the father-daughters [qualitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their co-physical activity engagement with their daughter. This will be measured by a qualitative assessment specifically designed for this study, using an audio-recorded, one-on-one semi-structured interview with a member of the research team and only in a subgroup of participants (approximately 15-20).
Timepoint [11] 421708 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [12] 421710 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the father’s awareness of gender inequity [qualitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their own awareness of gender inequity. This will be measured by a qualitative assessment specifically designed for this study, using an audio-recorded, one-on-one semi-structured interview with a member of the research team and only in a subgroup of participants (approximately 15-20).
Timepoint [12] 421710 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [13] 421711 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the father-daughter relationship [qualitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their relationship with their daughter. This will be measured by a qualitative assessment specifically designed for this study, using an audio-recorded, one-on-one semi-structured interview with a member of the research team and only in a subgroup of participants (approximately 15-20).
Timepoint [13] 421711 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [14] 422562 0
Impact of the program on continued and/or new participation in organised sports and physical activities [quantitative] – Fathers report if the Daughters and Dads program played a role in any continued and new participation in organised sports and physical activities. Measured on a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study.
Timepoint [14] 422562 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [15] 422563 0
Immediate impact of the program on the father’s physical activity [quantitative] - Fathers report on the immediate impact of the program on their physical activity. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [15] 422563 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [16] 422564 0
Immediate impact of the program on the father’s parenting practices [quantitative] - Fathers report on the immediate impact of the program on their parenting practices. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [16] 422564 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [17] 422565 0
Immediate impact of the program on the father-daughter relationship [quantitative] - Fathers report on the immediate impact of the program on their father-daughter relationship. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [17] 422565 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [18] 422566 0
Immediate impact of the program on the father’s role as a father [quantitative] - Fathers report on the immediate impact of the program on their role as a father. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [18] 422566 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [19] 422567 0
Immediate impact of the program on the father’s mental health [quantitative] - Fathers report on the immediate impact of the program on their mental health. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [19] 422567 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [20] 422568 0
Immediate impact of the program on the father’s awareness of gender inequity [quantitative] - Fathers report on the immediate impact of the program on their awareness of gender inequity. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [20] 422568 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [21] 422569 0
Immediate impact of the program on the daughter’s awareness of gender inequity [quantitative] - Fathers report on the immediate impact of the program on their daughter’s awareness of gender inequity. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [21] 422569 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [22] 422570 0
Immediate impact of the program on the daughter’s social-emotional wellbeing [quantitative] - Fathers report on the immediate impact of the program on their daughter’s social-emotional wellbeing. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [22] 422570 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [23] 422571 0
Immediate impact of the program on the daughter’s sport skills [quantitative] - Fathers report on the immediate impact of the program on their daughter’s sport skills. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [23] 422571 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [24] 422572 0
Immediate impact of the program on the daughter’s participation in sport [quantitative] - Fathers report on the immediate impact of the program on their daughter’s participation in sport. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [24] 422572 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [25] 422573 0
Immediate impact of the program on the daughter’s participation in physical activity [quantitative] - Fathers report on the immediate impact of the program on their daughter’s participation in physical activity. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [25] 422573 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [26] 422574 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the father’s physical activity [quantitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their physical activity. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [26] 422574 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [27] 422575 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the father’s parenting practices [quantitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their parenting practices. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [27] 422575 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [28] 422576 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the father-daughter relationship [quantitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their father-daughter relationship. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [28] 422576 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [29] 422577 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the father’s role as a father [quantitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their role as a father. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [29] 422577 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [30] 422578 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the father’s mental health [quantitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their mental health. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [30] 422578 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [31] 422579 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the father’s awareness of gender inequity [quantitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their awareness of gender inequity. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [31] 422579 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [32] 422580 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the daughter’s awareness of gender inequity [quantitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their daughter’s awareness of gender inequity. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [32] 422580 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [33] 422581 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the daughter’s social-emotional wellbeing [quantitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their daughter’s social-emotional wellbeing. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [33] 422581 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [34] 422582 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the daughter’s sport skills [quantitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their daughter’s sport skills. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [34] 422582 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [35] 422583 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the daughter’s participation in sport [quantitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their daughter’s participation in sport. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [35] 422583 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [36] 422584 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the daughter’s participation in physical activity [quantitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their daughter’s participation in physical activity. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [36] 422584 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [37] 422587 0
Reason for daughter’s dropping out of organised sports/physical activities [quantitative] – Fathers report on the reason for their daughter dropping out of an organised sport and/or physical activity since participating in the Daughters and Dads program, if applicable. Fathers select as many reasons that apply from a list of 9 most common reasons. An ‘other’ option is also provided. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study.
Timepoint [37] 422587 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [38] 422590 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the fathers [quantitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact on themselves since completing the program. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [38] 422590 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [39] 422591 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the daughters [quantitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact on their daughters since completing the program. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [39] 422591 0
3-8 years post program commencement.
Secondary outcome [40] 422592 0
Long-lasting impact of the program on the families more broadly [quantitative] - Fathers report on the long-lasting impact of the program on their family health more broadly since completing the program. This quantitative assessment is measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, using a 5-point Likert scale; strongly disagree-strongly agree.
Timepoint [40] 422592 0
3-8 years post program commencement.

Eligibility
Key inclusion criteria
• Fathers/father-figures enrolled in a Daughters and Dads Active and Empowered program (formerly known as DADEE) between 2015-2020.

• Fathers/father-figures who attended at least 70% of the program based on recorded data.
Minimum age
20 Years
Maximum age
73 Years
Sex
Males
Can healthy volunteers participate?
Yes
Key exclusion criteria
• Fathers/father-figures who did not provide permission for us to retain their information when completing their initial eligibility screener and consent form.

• Fathers/father-figures who are no longer on the Daughters and Dads alumni contact list, indicating that they have opted out of further contact from our team.

Study design
Purpose
Psychosocial
Duration
Longitudinal
Selection
Defined population
Timing
Prospective
Statistical methods / analysis
Descriptive statistics will be used to present the quantitative data (percentage and frequency counts). Models will be adjusted for age, socioeconomic status and year of program. To deal with outliers, standardised values (z scores) will be created. Variables which had standardised scores above 3.29 will be truncated to a value 1 unit greater than the next lowest value for that variable.

For the qualitative section of this mixed-methods study, the sample size calculation for the interviews is approximately 20 participants, or until saturation with the views from participants has been reached. A hybrid inductive and deductive Template Analysis will be performed by an experienced qualitative researcher who is not part of the project intervention team. NVivo software (Version 12, QSR international) is used for the organisational aspect of data analysis.

Recruitment
Recruitment status
Completed
Date of first participant enrolment
Anticipated
1/09/2023
Actual
18/06/2023
Date of last participant enrolment
Anticipated
Actual
7/10/2023
Date of last data collection
Anticipated
Actual
14/11/2023
Sample size
Target
175
Accrual to date
Final
197
Recruitment in Australia
Recruitment state(s)
NSW
Recruitment postcode(s) [1] 40305 0
2308 - Callaghan

Funding & Sponsors
Funding source category [1] 313799 0
Other Collaborative groups
Name [1] 313799 0
Hunter Medical Research Institute
Country [1] 313799 0
Australia
Primary sponsor type
Individual
Name
Professor Philip Morgan
Address
School of Education
Research Centre for Active Living & Learning,
College of Human and Social Futures,
University Drive
University of Newcastle
Callaghan NSW 2308
Country
Australia
Secondary sponsor category [1] 315631 0
None
Name [1] 315631 0
Address [1] 315631 0
Country [1] 315631 0

Ethics approval
Ethics application status
Approved
Ethics committee name [1] 312966 0
University of Newcastle's Human Research Ethics Committee
Ethics committee address [1] 312966 0
University of Newcastle Human Research Ethics Committee
University of Newcastle,
University Drive, Callaghan
NSW, 2308
Ethics committee country [1] 312966 0
Australia
Date submitted for ethics approval [1] 312966 0
14/04/2023
Approval date [1] 312966 0
25/05/2023
Ethics approval number [1] 312966 0
H-2014-0330

Summary
Brief summary
The Daughters and Dads Active and Empowered Program is an intervention which engages fathers in positive lifestyle role modelling and effective parenting strategies to improve the physical activity behaviours, physical confidence, sport skills and social-emotional wellbeing of their daughters. Importantly, the program also targets girls to improve their fitness and physical activity levels, and parenting skills of their fathers.

This mixed-methods, observational study is a follow-up of participants from previously registered studies, including: ACTRN12615000022561 (2015), ACTRN12616001270404 (2016), ACTRN12617001450303 (2017-2019) and ACTRN12621000264886 (2020). The purpose is to evaluate the impact of the Daughters and Dads community-based program beyond the initial effects, on longer-term, real-world impacts upon the outcomes mentioned above.

Establishing the long-term effectiveness of the program:
• would be an important and novel contribution to the literature.
• may inform future iterations of the programs.
• will help provide evidence as to whether additional scale-up of the program is worthwhile with current and future agencies who may wish to fund the scale-up of this evidence-based program, thus providing greater reach to families across the state, nationally and internationally.
Trial website
https://www.daughtersanddads.com.au/
Trial related presentations / publications
Public notes

Contacts
Principal investigator
Name 126514 0
Prof Philip Morgan
Address 126514 0
Centre for Active Living & Learning,
College of Human and Social Futures,
University Drive
University of Newcastle
Callaghan NSW 2308
Country 126514 0
Australia
Phone 126514 0
+61 02 4921 7265
Fax 126514 0
Email 126514 0
philip.morgan@newcastle.edu.au
Contact person for public queries
Name 126515 0
Prof Philip Morgan
Address 126515 0
Centre for Active Living & Learning,
College of Human and Social Futures,
University Drive
University of Newcastle
Callaghan NSW 2308
Country 126515 0
Australia
Phone 126515 0
+61 02 4921 7265
Fax 126515 0
Email 126515 0
philip.morgan@newcastle.edu.au
Contact person for scientific queries
Name 126516 0
Prof Philip Morgan
Address 126516 0
Centre for Active Living & Learning,
College of Human and Social Futures,
University Drive
University of Newcastle
Callaghan NSW 2308
Country 126516 0
Australia
Phone 126516 0
+61 02 4921 7265
Fax 126516 0
Email 126516 0
philip.morgan@newcastle.edu.au

Data sharing statement
Will individual participant data (IPD) for this trial be available (including data dictionaries)?
Yes
What data in particular will be shared?
Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after de-identification (text, tables, figures, and appendices).
When will data be available (start and end dates)?
Beginning 6 months and ending 5 years following article publication.
Available to whom?
Data will be available on a case-by-case basis at the discretion of the chief investigator to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal.
Available for what types of analyses?
Data will be available only to achieve the aims in the approved proposal.
How or where can data be obtained?
Access to data will be subject to approvals by Principal Investigator Please contact chief investigator philip.morgan@newcastle.edu.au to discuss any data sharing requests.


What supporting documents are/will be available?

No Supporting Document Provided



Results publications and other study-related documents

Documents added manually
No documents have been uploaded by study researchers.

Documents added automatically
No additional documents have been identified.